Three pioneering women lay claim to Blues royalty. Mamie Smith, Ma Rainey, and Bessie Smith made an impact on American culture that still resonates today.

In 1920, Mamie Smith became the first Black musician to make vocal blues recordings. A savvy marketer, she exploited the new medium of radio to reach audiences across the country … in places she wasn’t allowed to perform live. Mamie introduced white audiences to Black artists, and in so doing, created a nationwide hunger for their music. She persevered against threats and boycotts, subtly poking holes in the color barrier. 

Ma Rainey, “The Mother of the Blues,” enthralled with her powerful voice, and unique “moanin’” style. Her fierce individuality became the subject of poems, Bob Dylan songs, and an award-winning play. Ma Rainey’s contributions earned her a 1990 induction into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame – 51 years after her death. But it was her discovery and mentorship of the great Bessie Smith that cements her legacy.

Bessie Smith, “The Empress of the Blues,” was, at the height of her career, the nation’s highest paid Black entertainer. And like Mamie Smith, she used the power of radio to reach white audiences. She made history by performing on Broadway and in an early “talkie” film. Billie Holiday, Aretha Franklin, and Janis Joplin, all credit Bessie Smith as a major influence.

This episode of “Soundtrack to the Struggle” was written and produced by Ron Adkins.  Executive Producers Dennis Green and George Dorman. Hosted by Hollis Monroe.

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